{"id":11593,"date":"2022-04-11T05:44:10","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T03:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/what-do-wall-e-and-salvador-dali-have-in-common-meet-dall-e-2\/"},"modified":"2022-04-11T05:41:24","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T03:41:24","slug":"what-do-wall-e-and-salvador-dali-have-in-common-meet-dall-e-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/technology\/what-do-wall-e-and-salvador-dali-have-in-common-meet-dall-e-2","title":{"rendered":"What Do WALL-E and Salvador Dal\u00ed Have in Common? Meet DALL-E 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">This new and improved A.I. system can produce photorealistic images of anything on demand<\/p>\n<p>Imagine typing this phrase into a blank computer screen: \u201ca bowl of soup that looks like a monster.\u201d A few seconds later, a creature knitted out of wool\u2014and bathed in soup\u2014could be smiling at you.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps it\u2019s an \u201cAndy Warhol style painting of French bulldog wearing sunglasses\u201d you are after, or \u201cpolymer clay dragons eating pizza in a boat.\u201d If you can dream it, DALL-E 2 can create it.<\/p>\n<p>In January 2021, artificial intelligence lab OpenAI created<a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/dall-e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DALL-E<\/a>, a neural network that generates cartoonish images from text captions. Now, just over a year later,<a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/dall-e-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/dall-e-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DALL-E 2<\/a>&nbsp;has arrived, with a faster system that delivers more realistic compositions in higher resolution.<\/p>\n<p>Merging the names of robot&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0910970\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">WALL-E<\/a>&nbsp;and artist Salvador Dal\u00ed, DALL-E 2, like its predecessor, was trained to learn the relationship between images and the text used to describe them. The new technology, however, works thanks to a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">process called \u201cdiffusion.\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;Basically, the system reorganizes a random pattern of dots into an image as it recognizes specific aspects of the figure.<\/p>\n<p>Alex Nichol, one of the researchers in charge of developing DALL-E 2, recently walked Cade Metz, a technology correspondent with the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/06\/technology\/openai-images-dall-e.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/06\/technology\/openai-images-dall-e.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">New York Times<\/a><\/em>, through a demonstration. When he typed \u201ca teapot in the shape of an avocado,\u201d the A.I. produced ten different images of an \u201cavocado teapot\u201d\u2014pitted and unpitted. In a series of experiments, Nichol showed off DALL-E 2\u2019s ability to edit images. He asked for \u201ca teddy bear playing a trumpet underwater,\u201d and the resulting image dutifully included little bubbles coming out of the instrument. Nichol then erased the trumpet and, with a simple command, swapped in a guitar instead.<\/p>\n<p>Editing is a distinct upgrade from the original DALL-E, reports Adi Robertson for the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2022\/4\/6\/23012123\/openai-clip-dalle-2-ai-text-to-image-generator-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2022\/4\/6\/23012123\/openai-clip-dalle-2-ai-text-to-image-generator-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Verge<\/a><\/em>. With a feature called inpainting, users can add or remove elements from an existing image, she explains, and another feature\u2014variations\u2014makes blending two pictures together possible.<\/p>\n<p>The first iteration was based on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/gpt-3-apps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">GPT-3<\/a>, a model created by OpenAI that predicts the next words in a sequence. In the case of DALL-E, it anticipates pixels instead of words. DALL-E 2, however, uses<a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/clip\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/clip\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">CLIP<\/a>, OpenAI\u2019s<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/04\/jeff-dean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/04\/jeff-dean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">neural network<\/a>, or mathematical system modeled on the network of neurons in the brain, according to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/open-a-is-dall-e-2-produces-fantastical-images-of-most-anything-you-can-imagine-170056814.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/open-a-is-dall-e-2-produces-fantastical-images-of-most-anything-you-can-imagine-170056814.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Engadget<\/a><\/em>\u2019s Andrew Tarantola. This technology is trained with a variety of pictures and natural language available on the internet. For instance, by looking at patterns in thousands of bear photos, the system learns to recognize a bear.<\/p>\n<p>CLIP translates a text command into an \u201cintermediate form\u201d that captures the traits critical to any image that meets the command\u2019s requirements, reports Will Douglas Heaven of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">MIT Technology Review<\/a><\/em>. Then, another type of neural network called a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/06\/1049061\/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">diffusion model<\/a>&nbsp;actually generates an image with these features. \u201cAsk it [DALL-E 2] to generate images of astronauts on horses, teddy-bear scientists, or sea otters in the style of Vermeer, and it does so with near photorealism,\u201d writes Heaven.<\/p>\n<p>That said, DALL-E 2\u2019s technology is not entirely without flaw. Occasionally, it can fail to recognize what is being said. For instance, when Nichol asked it to \u201cput the Eiffel Tower on the moon,\u201d it put the moon in the sky above the tower, per the&nbsp;<em>Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Other than imperfections in its automation, DALL-E 2 also poses ethical questions. Although images created by the system have a watermark indicating the work was A.I.-generated, it could potentially be cropped out, according to the&nbsp;<em>Verge<\/em>. To avoid potential harm, OpenAI is releasing a user policy that forbids asking the system to produce offensive images, including violence, pornography or political-themed messages. Additionally, users will not be allowed to ask the A.I. to make images of recognizable people based on a name to prevent abuse.<\/p>\n<p>The tool isn\u2019t being shared with the public yet, but researchers can<a href=\"https:\/\/labs.openai.com\/waitlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/labs.openai.com\/waitlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">sign up online<\/a>&nbsp;to preview the system. OpenAI plans to eventually offer the technology to the creative community, so that people such as graphic designers can use new shortcuts when developing digital images, per the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/06\/technology\/openai-images-dall-e.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/06\/technology\/openai-images-dall-e.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">New York Times<\/a><\/em>. Product designers, artists and computer game developers could find it to be a useful tool too, reports Jeremy Kahn of<a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/04\/06\/openai-dall-e-2-photorealistic-images-from-text-descriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/04\/06\/openai-dall-e-2-photorealistic-images-from-text-descriptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Fortune<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe hope that tools like this democratize the ability for people to create whatever they want,\u201d Nichol tells&nbsp;<em>Fortune<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Author<\/p>\n<p><strong>Antonia Mufarech<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Antonia Mufarech is an intern for&nbsp;<\/em><em>Smithsonian<\/em><em>&nbsp;magazine.&nbsp;Read more of her work at&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/antoniamufarech.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">antoniamufarech.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Image: A soup bowl monster made of yarn, created by DALL-E 2.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcAtEDVlL5G\/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link%E2%80%9D%20target=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>OpenAI via Instagram<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This new and improved A.I. system can produce photorealistic images of anything on demand Imagine typing this phrase into a blank computer screen: \u201ca bowl of soup that looks like a monster.\u201d A few seconds later, a creature knitted out of wool\u2014and bathed in soup\u2014could be smiling at you. Perhaps it\u2019s an \u201cAndy Warhol style\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":51,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":11592,"_scj_intro_alt":"What Do WALL-E and Salvador Dal\u00ed Have in Common? Meet DALL-E 2","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":11592,"_scj_full_alt":"What Do WALL-E and Salvador Dal\u00ed Have in Common? Meet DALL-E 2","_scj_full_caption":"","_scj_full_class":"","_scj_full_float":"","_scj_media_type":"","_scj_media_provider":"","_scj_media_external_id":"","_scj_media_url":"","_scj_media_poster_id":0,"_scj_media_width":0,"_scj_media_height":0,"_scj_media_aspect_ratio":"","_scj_media_description":"","_scj_gallery_items":[],"_scj_related_post_ids":[],"_scj_additional_authors":[],"scj_layout_family":"standard","scj_media_provider":"","scj_media_url":"","scj_full_caption":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Do WALL-E and Salvador Dal\u00ed Have in Common? 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In January 2021, artificial intelligence lab OpenAI created\u00a0DALL-E, a neural network that generates cartoonish images\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/technology\/what-do-wall-e-and-salvador-dali-have-in-common-meet-dall-e-2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Do WALL-E and Salvador Dal\u00ed Have in Common? Meet DALL-E 2 - thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Imagine typing this phrase into a blank computer screen: \u201ca bowl of soup that looks like a monster.\u201d A few seconds later, a creature knitted out of wool\u2014and bathed in soup\u2014could be smiling at you. 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