{"id":18483,"date":"2024-07-08T06:27:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T04:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/artificial-intelligence-to-analyze-dante-s-divine-comedy\/"},"modified":"2024-07-07T19:17:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T17:17:07","slug":"artificial-intelligence-to-analyze-dante-s-divine-comedy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/technology\/artificial-intelligence-to-analyze-dante-s-divine-comedy","title":{"rendered":"Artificial intelligence to analyze Dante\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">Thesis of the Mexican Fernando Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda \u201cDivining language: Unearthing medieval Italian through natural language processing (NLP),\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In his final year at Princeton, Fernando Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda tackled 700-year-old literature with an innovative approach: building an artificially intelligent tool to analyze the language of Dante Alighieri\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Comedy has been egregiously underserved by modern language models, considering how weighty a text it is,\u201d said Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda, a computer science major with a certificate from the Department of French and Italian. \u201cThis project let me overlap my love of solving puzzles through code with my passion for Italian.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s one of the most original senior theses I\u2019ve read at Princeton through the years \u2014 and I\u2019ve read some great senior theses,\u201d said Gaetana Marrone-Puglia, a professor of French and Italian who has taught at Princeton since 1988. \u201cFernando brought a computer model to texts that normally are in the hands of medievalists. It\u2019s a perfect marriage of science and humanities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The final product, \u201cDivining Language: Unearthing Medieval Italian through Natural Language Processing (NLP),\u201d contributed to his graduating with departmental high honors and winning the inaugural&nbsp;Lucio Caputo Senior Thesis Prize \u201cfor an outstanding thesis on the literature, language, culture, economy, history, politics or society of Italy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe has created a tool that I think will be beneficial for the Italian literature community and will inspire future studies,\u201d said&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linguistics.princeton.edu\/people\/christiane-fellbaum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christiane&nbsp;Fellbaum<\/a>, Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda\u2019s thesis adviser. She is a lecturer with the rank of professor in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">computer&nbsp;science<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/linguistics.princeton.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">linguistics<\/a>,&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/humanities.princeton.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Council of the&nbsp;Humanities<\/a>, as well as a Ph.D. graduate of Princeton in linguistics.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article-title\">Getting past imposter syndrome<\/h2>\n<p>In his first programming courses at Princeton, Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda found himself delighting in the rush of conquering problems. \u201cI really got hooked on that feeling of, \u2018I\u2019m making things!\u2019\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>By his sophomore year, he was ready to declare computer science as his major. \u201cBut part of me was scared, because all the computer science kids I knew had done so much coding in high school,\u201d he said. \u201cPart of me wondered, \u2018Am I cut out for this?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once, when Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda was assisting with an intro course, a first-year student asked him about applying a data structure that he\u2019d never even heard of.<\/p>\n<p>But then he thought, \u201cIf I\u2019m good enough to teach these kids, or at least debug their code, I can hang in there,\u201d he recalled. So he declared the major and followed his love of language into AI-based translation, eventually creating&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.codex.ai\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an&nbsp;app<\/a>&nbsp;that can translate whole books at once.<\/p>\n<p>Many undergraduates naturally build bridges between humanities and AI, said&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cdh.princeton.edu\/people\/natasha-ermolaev\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Natalia&nbsp;Ermolaev<\/a>, executive director of the Center for Digital Humanities at Princeton. \u201cThis happens all the time at Princeton, because we have so many computer science majors that secretly love classics or Italian literature or medieval architecture,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo they come to us saying, \u2018Please give me a text to work with, or some problem that I can apply my computational knowledge to.\u2019 And then they are floored by the fact that they have to create a dataset, or deal with a language that doesn\u2019t easily get plugged into the models. We see the lightbulbs go off as they gain a fresh understanding of the limitations of models, and just how much of the Internet is English focused. So then comes the creativity. Do you tweak the models or enhance your data? In that process, you learn a lot about the material and about the language, and from there about the culture.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article-title\">From Mexico City to Medieval Italy<\/h2>\n<p>Born in Mexico City and raised in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda grew up bilingual in English and Spanish, and he fell in love with Italian during summers in Sicily.<\/p>\n<p>So when he was looking for an subject to tackle with his AI language modeling skills, his French and Italian adviser&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fit.princeton.edu\/people\/simone-marchesi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Simone&nbsp;Marchesi<\/a>&nbsp;steered him toward one of the greatest works in any language: Dante\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy,\u201d a three-volume journey from Hell to Paradise written between 1308 and 1321.<\/p>\n<p>Just one problem: Dante wrote in an archaic form of a Tuscan dialect, so even modern Italian language models struggle with the text, and English-trained models fare much worse.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDante is the father of the Italian language, but his text is not standard Italian,\u201d said Marchesi, a professor of French and Italian and a 2002 Ph.D. graduate of Princeton in comparative literature. It took months of effort, and collaborations with programmers from the University of Pisa, for Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda to train his model to parse medieval Italian.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOnce you have that, you can run fun and intriguing and promising queries, as Fernando has been doing,\u201d Marchesi said.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article-title\">Shining a new light<\/h2>\n<p>Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda began quantifying words that frequently appear together in the Comedy.<\/p>\n<p>He struck gold when he ran queries on the noun \u201clove\u201d (<em>amore<\/em>). He guessed some words that would accompany it \u2014 Beatrice (Dante\u2019s muse), heart, the verb love<em>&nbsp;(amare)<\/em>, affection, sweet, beautiful, beauty, woman, wife, desire, flesh \u2014 then ran the model.<\/p>\n<p>He was surprised that almost none of his guesses regularly appear within 15 words of&nbsp;<em>amore<\/em>, but many words related to light (shine, star, ray) and darkness (night) do. When he turned back to the text, that unexpected connection unlocked a new insight. \u201cDante describes Hell as a place devoid of stars,\u201d he said. \u201cThen I started seeing that Hell is defined by an absence of this much bigger thing: love.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One of the strengths of interdisciplinary AI research at Princeton is the presence of deep expertise in many subject areas. In this case, Aviles turned to one of the world\u2019s leading Dante experts, Marchesi, to ask if the connection between stars and love and Hell was a trite observation that scholars have recognized for centuries a radically new concept, or somewhere in between.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat he has found is real, I would say, and not self-evident,\u201d Marchesi said. Most scholars, he added, have focused on the role of stars as navigational tools, and thus Hell as a disorienting place.&nbsp;\u201cFernando has proved that a larger conceptual constellation is at stake in their absence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Marchesi says he is intrigued by the promise of this new language model. \u201cWhen you get trained for your job as an academic, you get trained to answer old questions,\u201d he said. \u201cThe really exciting part is crossing paths with someone who can ask&nbsp;<em>new<\/em>&nbsp;questions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He looks forward to using this AI model and its future iterations in his own research. \u201cSomeone who is a Princetonian once is a Princetonian forever,\u201d he said. \u201cI can reach out to Fernando wherever he goes after Princeton and ask questions and get friendly answers. It\u2019s beautiful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>By&nbsp;<\/em> Liz Fuller-Wright, Office of Communications (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/news\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/news\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thesis of the Mexican Fernando Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda \u201cDivining language: Unearthing medieval Italian through natural language processing (NLP),\u201d In his final year at Princeton, Fernando Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda tackled 700-year-old literature with an innovative approach: building an artificially intelligent tool to analyze the language of Dante Alighieri\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy.\u201d \u201cThe Comedy has been egregiously underserved by modern language models,\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":51,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":18482,"_scj_intro_alt":"Artificial intelligence to analyze Dante\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy\u201d","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":18482,"_scj_full_alt":"Artificial intelligence to analyze Dante\u2019s \u201cDivine 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Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda tackled 700-year-old literature with an innovative approach: building an artificially intelligent tool to analyze the language of Dante Alighieri\u2019s \u201cDivine Comedy.\u201d \u201cThe Comedy has been egregiously underserved by modern language models, considering how weighty a text it is,\u201d said Avil\u00e9s-Garc\u00eda, a computer science major with a certificate from the Department of French and Italian. \u201cThis project let me overlap my love of solving puzzles through code wi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/technology\/artificial-intelligence-to-analyze-dante-s-divine-comedy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artificial intelligence to analyze Dante\u2019s \u201cDivine 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