{"id":20110,"date":"2025-08-03T11:24:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T09:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/as-chatbots-get-smarter-humans-unique-language-abilities-are-becoming-less-special\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T11:27:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T09:27:42","slug":"as-chatbots-get-smarter-humans-unique-language-abilities-are-becoming-less-special","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence\/as-chatbots-get-smarter-humans-unique-language-abilities-are-becoming-less-special","title":{"rendered":"As chatbots get smarter, humans\u2019 unique language abilities are becoming less special"},"content":{"rendered":"

UC Berkeley researchers say large language models have gained \u201cmetalinguistic ability,\u201d a hallmark of human language and cognition no other animal has displayed<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

AI platforms like ChatGPT are widely understood to be sophisticated prediction machines. Trained on vast troves of content ranging from news articles and books to film scripts and Reddit posts, they anticipate the next most likely letters and words when prompted. While their responses can give the impression they\u2019re sentient thinkers, that sci-fi scenario hasn\u2019t yet panned out.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But new UC Berkeley research reveals for the first time that AI chatbots can now analyze sentences like a trained linguist. The\u00a0<\/span>study, which will be published<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in the journal\u00a0<\/span>IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence<\/span><\/i>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>provides a glimpse into how AI models are improving and also challenges the idea that humans are unique in our ability to think about language.<\/span><\/p>\n

With roots in linguistics and philosophy, our ability to think deeply about words and sentence structure is a defining human cognitive feat, said\u00a0<\/span>Ga\u0161per Begu\u0161,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a Berkeley associate professor of linguistics and lead author of the research. But that ability to talk about and manipulate language \u2014 a process called metalinguistics \u2014\u00a0is becoming the domain of AI chatbots, too.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOur new findings suggest that the most advanced large language models are beginning to bridge that gap,\u201d Begu\u0161 said. \u201cNot only can they use language, they can reflect on how language is organized.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Begu\u0161 and his team fed 120 complex sentences into multiple versions of OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT, as well as Meta\u2019s Llama 3.1. With each sentence, they instructed the system to analyze it, assess if it had a specific linguistic quality, and diagram it with what linguists call syntactic trees \u2014\u00a0visual representations of a sentence\u2019s structure and components.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the sentence\u00a0\u201cEliza wanted her cast out,\u201d for example, researchers wanted to know if AI could detect what\u2019s called ambiguous structure. Did Eliza want someone to be expelled? Or did she want a physical cast to be removed?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4, as well as Llama, failed to detect the confusion. But OpenAI\u2019s o1 model, which is designed to \u201creason\u201d through more complex questions, both spotted the ambiguity and accurately diagrammed it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

That was revealing and signaled the improvements the models were making, Begu\u0161 said. But he was especially interested in whether the systems could spot what linguists call recursion, sometimes referred to as \u201cthe infinity of language.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

First theorized by Noam Chomsky, recursion is the ability for humans to embed phrases within other phrases, as in the sentence \u201cThe dog that chased the cat that climbed the tree barked loudly.\u201d This can lead to an endless nesting effect of sentences. Chomsky called it a defining feature of human language and one that separates us from other animals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To test the concept of recursion, Begu\u0161 and his team prompted the AI models to identify if a sample sentence had it and what specific linguistic version it had. They also instructed the models to add another similar recursive clause.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Using the sentence \u201cUnidentified flying objects may have conflicting characteristics,\u201d OpenAI\u2019s o1 detected the recursion \u2014\u00a0\u201cflying\u201d modifies \u201cobjects,\u201d and \u201cunidentified\u201d modifies \u201cflying objects.\u201d It diagrammed the sentence. And it took the sentence to a new level: \u201cUnidentified\u00a0<\/span>recently sighted<\/span><\/i>\u00a0flying objects may have conflicting characteristics.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Researchers wrote that \u201co1 significantly outperformed all others.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is very consequential,\u201d Begu\u0161 said, adding that it advances the debate about whether AI \u201cunderstands\u201d language or merely mimics it. \u201cIt means in these models, we have one of the rare things that we thought was human-only.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

He added that the approach they used to study AI\u2019s understanding of language is one that linguists can use to assess other advances in AI chatbots. That, in turn, can help sort hype around the technology from the facts about how tools are actually improving.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEveryone knows what it\u2019s like to talk about language,\u201d he said. \u201cThis paper creates a nice benchmark or criterion for how the model is doing. It is important to evaluate it scientifically.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Image: AI chatbots can analyze sentences like a trained linguist, new UC Berkeley research shows, providing a glimpse into how AI models are improving while also challenging the idea that humans are unique in our ability to think about language.<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>Allison Saeng via Unsplash<\/span><\/p>\n

Text: Jason Pohl (<\/span>https:\/\/news.berkeley.edu\/2025\/07\/14\/as-chatbots-get-smarter-humans-unique-language-abilities-are-becoming-less-special\/<\/span><\/a>)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UC Berkeley researchers say large language models have gained \u201cmetalinguistic ability,\u201d a hallmark of human language and cognition no other animal has displayed AI platforms like ChatGPT are widely understood to be sophisticated prediction machines. Trained on vast troves of content ranging from news articles and books to film scripts and Reddit posts, they anticipate\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":55,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":20109,"_scj_intro_alt":"As chatbots get smarter, humans\u2019 unique language abilities are becoming less special","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":20109,"_scj_full_alt":"As chatbots get smarter, humans\u2019 unique language abilities are becoming less special","_scj_full_caption":"","_scj_full_class":"","_scj_full_float":"","_scj_media_type":"","_scj_media_provider":"","_scj_media_external_id":"","_scj_media_url":"","_scj_media_poster_id":0,"_scj_media_width":0,"_scj_media_height":0,"_scj_media_aspect_ratio":"","_scj_media_description":"","_scj_gallery_items":[],"_scj_related_post_ids":[],"_scj_additional_authors":[],"scj_layout_family":"standard","scj_media_provider":"","scj_media_url":"","scj_full_caption":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[173,4523,2239,2240],"class_list":["post-20110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-chatgpt","tag-linguistics","tag-uc-berkeley"],"yoast_head":"\nAs chatbots get smarter, humans\u2019 unique language abilities are becoming less special - thesmartcityjournal.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/artificial-intelligence\/as-chatbots-get-smarter-humans-unique-language-abilities-are-becoming-less-special\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"As chatbots get smarter, humans\u2019 unique language abilities are becoming less special - thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UC Berkeley researchers say large language models have gained \u201cmetalinguistic ability,\u201d a hallmark of human language and cognition no other animal has displayed AI platforms like ChatGPT are widely understood to be sophisticated prediction machines. 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