{"id":21198,"date":"2026-04-26T15:19:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T13:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/reconstructing-the-roman-empires-transport-network\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T15:21:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T13:21:19","slug":"reconstructing-the-roman-empires-transport-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/transport\/reconstructing-the-roman-empires-transport-network","title":{"rendered":"Reconstructing the Roman Empire\u2019s transport network"},"content":{"rendered":"

Digitally reconstructing and costing the Empire\u2019s transport system across sea and land helps uncover how it influenced ancient urban development<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

The Roman Empire was one of the largest empires of the ancient world. At its peak during the 2nd century CE, it spanned roughly 6 million square kilometres over <\/span>Europe, Asia and Africa<\/span><\/a>. Two of the most profound impacts on the physical world were the introduction of a widespread transport network and the large-scale development of cities it enabled. Yet, due to incomplete analysis and scant archaeological evidence of many routes, an understanding of this network\u2019s influence through time has remained elusive. \u201cWe have a fairly good knowledge of the broad routes the roads took from some actual physical remains, as well as milestones or the occasional written itinerary,\u201d explains Andrew Mclean, an archaeologist and researcher at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) in Spain. \u201cThe main problem is that our knowledge is partial and lacks integration across the whole Empire,\u201d he notes. In the EU-funded <\/span>R3NUrb<\/span>(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a> project, Mclean and his <\/span>colleagues at the BSC<\/span>(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a> turned to supercomputers to fill in this major knowledge gap and reconstruct and cost the entire Roman transport network. Using a combination of computation, remote sensing, network science and geostatistics, the team aimed to uncover the impact of large-scale transport connectivity on urban development in the Empire. \u201cThis project sought to automate the process of reconstructing a transport network, using only a few known sites \u2013 in this case some 40 urban centres on the edge of the Empire \u2013 to construct a fully costed network,\u201d adds Mclean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Constructing a cost network for transport connectivity<\/h2>\n

R3NUrb, supported by the <\/span>Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions<\/span>(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a> programme, followed computational approaches that used geospatial data to compute cost surfaces and probabilistic cost corridors and then construct a costed network. For land, the researchers fed in a range of factors including temperature, snow cover, altitude and details on the terrain type.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Costing the sea followed a similar process but with factors such as seasonal wind patterns, current and wave height. This let the team create cost corridors and a network into which they could add new sites. For a case study on Roman urbanism, they used 1 500 urban centres.<\/span><\/p>\n

Scaling up reconstructions<\/h2>\n

So far, the researchers have developed small-scale reconstructions of the entire network and are in the final stages of scaling it up to 100 m resolution. Already, the team has learned that using costs that reflect temporal changes can drastically change not only absolute costs but also relative costs in a model, something previously overlooked in archaeological mobility studies. The results also reinforce that Roman urban centres typically lie along natural movement corridors. \u201cMore importantly, for the first time, our results show that the corridors along which Roman urban centres lie are far less affected by seasonal conditions as compared to the wider landscape, and remain seasonally viable even when different routes may not be.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

A Google Maps for the Roman Empire<\/h2>\n

The team will soon publish the results of the terrestrial network and is simultaneously working on integrating the maritime network. One researcher is working on inland waterways, while a future collaboration with archaeobotanists at <\/span>ICAC<\/span>(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a> will model archaeobotanical remains across the Empire. \u201cOur ultimate aim is to develop an interactive, user-friendly, multimodal tool for modelling movement costs across the whole Empire \u2013 a \u2018Google Maps\u2019 for the Roman Empire,\u201d says Mclean. \u201cWe hope, going forward, to demonstrate its utility for different periods and regions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Digitally reconstructing and costing the Empire\u2019s transport system across sea and land helps uncover how it influenced ancient urban development The Roman Empire was one of the largest empires of the ancient world. At its peak during the 2nd century CE, it spanned roughly 6 million square kilometres over Europe, Asia and Africa. Two of\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":106,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":21197,"_scj_intro_alt":"Reconstructing the Roman Empire\u2019s transport network","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":21197,"_scj_full_alt":"Reconstructing the Roman Empire\u2019s transport network","_scj_full_caption":"","_scj_full_class":"","_scj_full_float":"","_scj_media_type":"","_scj_media_provider":"","_scj_media_external_id":"","_scj_media_url":"","_scj_media_poster_id":0,"_scj_media_width":0,"_scj_media_height":0,"_scj_media_aspect_ratio":"","_scj_media_description":"","_scj_gallery_items":[],"_scj_related_post_ids":[],"_scj_additional_authors":[],"scj_layout_family":"standard","scj_media_provider":"","scj_media_url":"","scj_full_caption":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[3787,3788,3785,3495,3786,2979],"class_list":["post-21198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transport","tag-digital-reconstruction","tag-geospatial-analysis","tag-roman-empire","tag-supercomputing","tag-transport-network","tag-urban-development"],"yoast_head":"\nReconstructing the Roman Empire\u2019s transport network - thesmartcityjournal.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/transport\/reconstructing-the-roman-empires-transport-network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reconstructing the Roman Empire\u2019s transport network - thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Digitally reconstructing and costing the Empire\u2019s transport system across sea and land helps uncover how it influenced ancient urban development The Roman Empire was one of the largest empires of the ancient world. 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