{"id":21341,"date":"2026-05-31T16:34:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T14:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/lab-grown-brain-spinal-cord-model-shows-irreversible-nerve-damage-may-be-reversed\/"},"modified":"2026-05-31T16:37:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-31T14:37:08","slug":"lab-grown-brain-spinal-cord-model-shows-irreversible-nerve-damage-may-be-reversed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/investigation\/lab-grown-brain-spinal-cord-model-shows-irreversible-nerve-damage-may-be-reversed","title":{"rendered":"Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows \u2018irreversible\u2019 nerve damage may be reversed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cambridge scientists have grown miniature circuits in the lab that mimic how the brain and spinal cord connect up, which underlies our movements. They used this model to show how damage to these connections previously considered \u2018irreversible\u2019 could, in fact, be reversible<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

As we develop and grow from embryo to fetus to infant, our nerve cells (neurons) form connections, allowing information to be transmitted between the brain and the spinal cord. A key component of each neuron is the axon \u2013 the nerve fibre \u2018cable\u2019 that transmits information to other neurons to activate muscle contractions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At some point, we lose the ability to grow axons in the central nervous system, or this ability is at least greatly impaired or slowed down. This means that damage to the brain and spinal cord becomes permanent, leading to devastating disabilities, such as the inability to grasp or walk. This is often the case for traumatic spinal cord injury and can be a feature of many neurological diseases, including motor neurone disease or multiple sclerosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2021, Dr Andr\u00e1s Lakatos and colleagues at the University of Cambridge\u00a0<\/span>developed \u2018mini brains\u2019<\/span><\/a>\u00a0using human patient-derived stem cells \u2013 special cells that have the potential to develop into most human cell types \u2013 which they guided to grow into pea-sized brain \u2018organoids\u2019. These organoids were 3D models that resemble parts of the human cerebral cortex. The team used these to demonstrate molecular problems in motor neurone disease and potential ways to prevent them.<\/span><\/p>\n

Now,\u00a0<\/span>in research published in\u00a0<\/span>Cell Reports<\/span><\/i><\/a>, Dr Lakatos\u2019s team has taken its research a step further, building a mini version of the connected human brain and spinal cord system in the lab by recreating these tissues using organoids.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the human body, the brain and spinal cord tissues are distinct but connected by axons, so the researchers kept the brain and spinal cord organoids apart. They saw that nerve fibres from the brain tissue grew across the gap to connect to the spinal cord, forming a working circuit that could even cause tiny muscle clusters to contract.<\/span><\/p>\n

By growing this human system in the dish for more than a year, they found that up until around day 150 \u2013 which corresponds to the mid-trimester of pregnancy \u2013 the axons were able to regrow after damage, but after this time, their growth was greatly impaired.<\/span><\/p>\n

George Gibbons from the Department of Clinical Neurosciences at the University of Cambridge, the study\u2019s first author, said: \u201cNeurons taken from less mature organoids regrew long fibres after injury, but those from more mature organoids showed a sharp drop in their ability to regrow. In other words, poor regeneration is built into human neurons as they mature in the central nervous system.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

By analysing the gene expression \u2013 a sign of how active the genes are \u2013 in neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord, they were able to identify a network of genes that acts as a \u2018switch\u2019 restricting the axon growth ability while the neurons mature to form connections (synapses). Amazingly, blocking key regulators of this network switched back on the ability of axons to grow.<\/span><\/p>\n

The team then scanned a database of drug compounds to search for those that act on the genes in this network and identified as a candidate lynestrenol, a hormone drug licensed for managing certain menstrual disorders and as a contraceptive. When they tried this drug on damaged neurons, they found that it significantly boosted axon regrowth.<\/span><\/p>\n

While scar tissue and inflammation may also restrict axon repair, exploring and tackling neuron-specific causes \u2013 the subject of this study \u2013 is very important. This is supported by evidence that axons of less mature neurons can grow through non-permissive environments that characterise injury sites.<\/span><\/p>\n

Senior author Dr Andr\u00e1s Lakatos, who led the project at the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, said: \u201cWhen the brain and spinal cord are damaged, the nerve fibres that carry movement signals from the brain to the spinal cord rarely grow back. That\u2019s why paralysis is usually permanent. But we didn\u2019t know exactly when the ability of axons to regenerate becomes limited. Our model provides a good indication that this block happens during development, and it can still be reversed after this point.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLynestrenol itself may not be the answer to spinal cord repair, but it shows us that, in principle, it should be possible to directly target human neurons and regenerate their axons. Although we still need to show that this strategy will also help to re-establish appropriate connections between the brain and spinal cord cells, this gives us hope that one day we may be able to treat conditions previously thought untreatable.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Organoid models are an important way of understanding human biology. While animal models \u2013 for example, mice and rats \u2013 are useful for studying our biology as they share some similarities with humans, their differences ultimately limit what we can learn. Organoids grown from human stem cells can more closely mimic human biology.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr Lakatos added: \u201cMuch of what we know about nerve regeneration comes from rodents, whose neurons behave differently from human neurons. Our sophisticated organoid models help bridge the knowledge gap from animal models to what we see in patients. They are also an important contribution to efforts to reduce the use of animals in research.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Organoids, often referred to as \u2018mini organs\u2019, are being used increasingly to model human biology and disease. At the University of Cambridge alone, researchers use them to\u00a0<\/span>repair damaged livers<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>understand Crohn\u2019s disease in children<\/span><\/a>, and model the\u00a0<\/span>early stages of pregnancy<\/span><\/a>, among many other applications.<\/span><\/p>\n

The research was funded by the UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council and Spinal Research. Dr Lakatos has a long association with Spinal Research, from being a funded PhD student to now sitting on the charity’s Grant Advisory Board Committee.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Spinal Research Chief Executive Louisa McGinn said: \u201cToday, we are entering a new era of hope and possibility for the 15million people worldwide living with a spinal cord injury.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe next five years present an unprecedented opportunity to change what\u2019s possible for people living with spinal cord injuries. Breakthrough therapies are nearing clinical reality and frontier technologies are creating bold new pathways toward repair and recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Spinal Research is committed to funding the most promising research and the best researchers around the world. The incredible work that Andras and his Group are doing at Cambridge shines a powerful light on what that can achieve and we\u2019re delighted to support it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cambridge scientists have grown miniature circuits in the lab that mimic how the brain and spinal cord connect up, which underlies our movements. They used this model to show how damage to these connections previously considered \u2018irreversible\u2019 could, in fact, be reversible As we develop and grow from embryo to fetus to infant, our nerve\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":98,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":21340,"_scj_intro_alt":"Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows \u2018irreversible\u2019 nerve damage may be reversed","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":21340,"_scj_full_alt":"Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows \u2018irreversible\u2019 nerve damage may be reversed","_scj_full_caption":"","_scj_full_class":"","_scj_full_float":"","_scj_media_type":"","_scj_media_provider":"","_scj_media_external_id":"","_scj_media_url":"","_scj_media_poster_id":0,"_scj_media_width":0,"_scj_media_height":0,"_scj_media_aspect_ratio":"","_scj_media_description":"","_scj_gallery_items":[],"_scj_related_post_ids":[],"_scj_additional_authors":[],"scj_layout_family":"standard","scj_media_provider":"","scj_media_url":"","scj_full_caption":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[3914,3915,2007,2234,3829,2233],"class_list":["post-21341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-brain-organoids","tag-nerve-repair","tag-neurodegenerative-diseases","tag-regenerative-medicine","tag-spinal-cord-injury","tag-stem-cells"],"yoast_head":"\nLab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows \u2018irreversible\u2019 nerve damage may be reversed - thesmartcityjournal.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/investigation\/lab-grown-brain-spinal-cord-model-shows-irreversible-nerve-damage-may-be-reversed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lab-grown brain-spinal cord model shows \u2018irreversible\u2019 nerve damage may be reversed - thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cambridge scientists have grown miniature circuits in the lab that mimic how the brain and spinal cord connect up, which underlies our movements. 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