{"id":21416,"date":"2026-06-21T15:24:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:24:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesmartcityjournal.cibeles.net\/sin-categoria\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T15:26:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:26:07","slug":"how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","title":{"rendered":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers study how various environmental exposures common to cities can lead to multimorbidity in early adolescents<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growing up in a city comes with multiple advantages. But could it also be the cause of multimorbidity \u2013 the coexistence of two or more adverse health conditions? The EU-funded URBANE project aimed to find out. \u201cAlthough commonly associated with older adults, multimorbidity can already emerge during childhood, significantly impacting one\u2019s physical and emotional development and having lasting consequences into adulthood,\u201d says <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ispup.up.pt\/en\/pessoas\/susana-santos-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Susana Santos<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a researcher at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ispup.up.pt\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">University of Porto Institute of Public Health<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the project\u2019s coordinating partner.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The project, which received support from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/marie-sklodowska-curie-actions.ec.europa.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(opens in new window)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> programme, examined a broad range of urban environmental exposures, including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/article\/id\/436435-deep-dive-into-air-pollution-impacts-on-kids-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">air pollution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, natural spaces, the built environment, meteorological factors, traffic, and social environment indicators. The exposures were assessed annually from birth through childhood. URBANE defined multimorbidity as being the presence of two or more adverse health conditions at age 13.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The associations between the urban environment and multimorbidity<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Backed by an interdisciplinary team and using a range of advanced analytical approaches, the project explored the associations between the urban environment and multimorbidity. \u201cWhile previous research has focused on specific health outcomes, ours is the first to examine the influence urban environmental exposures have on multimorbidity in early adolescence,\u201d explains Santos. Santos says that URBANE\u2019s research could help scientists better understand how complex urban environmental exposures influence disease accumulation during adolescence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Multimorbidity in adolescence higher than expected<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What researchers found is worrying. \u201cWith 43 % of our participants presenting two or more adverse health conditions, the prevalence of multimorbidity in early adolescence was higher than we expected,\u201d notes Santos. Researchers also found that 35 % of participants had at least one disease, meaning that just 22 % of participants were disease-free. The most common health conditions at age 13 were obesity, dyslipidaemia, and respiratory and allergic disorders.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Urban environmental exposure not a good predictor of multimorbidity<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of being able to predict multimorbidity, the project\u2019s model showed only moderate success. Despite considering a wide range of urban environmental exposures, Santos says none emerged as being a strong predictor of multimorbidity in adolescence. \u201cUrban exposure may influence adolescent health, but its ability to predict multimorbidity is limited \u2013 underscoring the multifactorial nature of disease accumulation during this life stage,\u201d she says.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>An emerging public health and research priority<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The URBANE project has established the study of multimorbidity in childhood and adolescence as an emerging public health and research priority. \u201cOur work raises awareness that the accumulation of adverse health conditions can already begin in early life and thus needs to be investigated from a life-course perspective,\u201d concludes Santos. Santos plans to continue her research on early-life environmental exposures and child health, extending the work done during URBANE to other environmental determinants of multimorbidity.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers study how various environmental exposures common to cities can lead to multimorbidity in early adolescents Growing up in a city comes with multiple advantages. But could it also be the cause of multimorbidity \u2013 the coexistence of two or more adverse health conditions? The EU-funded URBANE project aimed to find out. \u201cAlthough commonly associated\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_scj_primary_category_id":130,"_scj_featured":false,"_scj_featured_from":"","_scj_featured_until":"","_scj_featured_order":0,"_scj_visibility_class":"current","_scj_layout_family":"standard","_scj_article_style":"","_scj_display_overrides":[],"_scj_intro_image_id":21415,"_scj_intro_alt":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents","_scj_intro_caption":"","_scj_intro_class":"","_scj_intro_float":"","_scj_full_image_id":21415,"_scj_full_alt":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents","_scj_full_caption":"","_scj_full_class":"","_scj_full_float":"","_scj_media_type":"","_scj_media_provider":"","_scj_media_external_id":"","_scj_media_url":"","_scj_media_poster_id":0,"_scj_media_width":0,"_scj_media_height":0,"_scj_media_aspect_ratio":"","_scj_media_description":"","_scj_gallery_items":[],"_scj_related_post_ids":[],"_scj_additional_authors":[],"scj_layout_family":"standard","scj_media_provider":"","scj_media_url":"","scj_full_caption":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[4004,4006,4005,191,183,4003],"class_list":["post-21416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-adolescence","tag-environment","tag-multimorbidity","tag-public-health","tag-research","tag-urban-health"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers study how various environmental exposures common to cities can lead to multimorbidity in early adolescents Growing up in a city comes with multiple advantages. But could it also be the cause of multimorbidity \u2013 the coexistence of two or more adverse health conditions? The EU-funded URBANE project aimed to find out. \u201cAlthough commonly associated\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"thesmartcityjournal.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thesmartcityjournal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1059\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@SmartCityJour_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@SmartCityJour_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\"},\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/smart-city\"},\"headline\":\"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\"},\"wordCount\":484,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png\",\"keywords\":[\"adolescence\",\"environment\",\"multimorbidity\",\"Public Health\",\"research\",\"urban health\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\",\"name\":\"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1059,\"caption\":\"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/articles\\\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\",\"name\":\"thesmartcityjournal.com\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Organization\",\"NewsMediaOrganization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#organization\",\"name\":\"thesmartcityjournal.com\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/logo-smart-city-journal-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/logo-smart-city-journal-1.png\",\"width\":346,\"height\":91,\"caption\":\"thesmartcityjournal.com\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/thesmartcityjournal\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/SmartCityJour_\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/thesmartcityjournal_\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tiktok.com\\\/@thesmartcityjournal\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/the-smart-city-journal\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCIPTMzK206pVFxMNjO7SSxw\"]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/39c9da1aeac1b5c2d179ef9e4e293cf4\",\"name\":\"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal\"},\"description\":\"Equipo de redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/smart-city\"},{\"@type\":\"SiteNavigationElement\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#site-navigation\",\"cssSelector\":[\".cib-main-menu\"]},{\"@type\":\"WPHeader\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#header\",\"cssSelector\":[\".cib-header\"]},{\"@type\":\"WPFooter\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\\\/en#footer\",\"cssSelector\":[\".cib-footer\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com","og_description":"Researchers study how various environmental exposures common to cities can lead to multimorbidity in early adolescents Growing up in a city comes with multiple advantages. But could it also be the cause of multimorbidity \u2013 the coexistence of two or more adverse health conditions? The EU-funded URBANE project aimed to find out. \u201cAlthough commonly associated\u2026","og_url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","og_site_name":"thesmartcityjournal.com","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thesmartcityjournal","article_published_time":"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1059,"url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@SmartCityJour_","twitter_site":"@SmartCityJour_","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents"},"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/author\/smart-city"},"headline":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents","datePublished":"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents"},"wordCount":484,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png","keywords":["adolescence","environment","multimorbidity","Public Health","research","urban health"],"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents","name":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents - thesmartcityjournal.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png","datePublished":"2026-06-21T13:24:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-21T13:26:07+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/urban-living-health-early-adolescents-scaled.png","width":2560,"height":1059,"caption":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/articles\/how-urban-living-can-impact-the-health-of-early-adolescents#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How urban living can impact the health of early adolescents"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#website","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en","name":"thesmartcityjournal.com","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Organization","NewsMediaOrganization"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#organization","name":"thesmartcityjournal.com","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/logo-smart-city-journal-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/logo-smart-city-journal-1.png","width":346,"height":91,"caption":"thesmartcityjournal.com"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/thesmartcityjournal","https:\/\/x.com\/SmartCityJour_","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/thesmartcityjournal_\/","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@thesmartcityjournal","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/the-smart-city-journal\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCIPTMzK206pVFxMNjO7SSxw"]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#\/schema\/person\/39c9da1aeac1b5c2d179ef9e4e293cf4","name":"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal"},"description":"Equipo de redacci\u00f3n de The Smart City Journal.","url":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/author\/smart-city"},{"@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#site-navigation","cssSelector":[".cib-main-menu"]},{"@type":"WPHeader","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#header","cssSelector":[".cib-header"]},{"@type":"WPFooter","@id":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en#footer","cssSelector":[".cib-footer"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21416\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thesmartcityjournal.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}